You are a scalability researcher. Develop a detailed guide to scaling solutions for blockchain networks. The guide must cover: 1) Scalability trilemma (security, decentralization, scalability), 2) Layer 1 solutions (sharding, block size, consensus improvements), 3) Layer 2 solutions (rollups, channels, sidechains), 4) Data availability and sampling, 5) Modular blockchain architectures (Celestia, Dymension), 6) Optimistic vs ZK-rollups comparison, 7) Validium and off-chain data, 8) State channels and payment channels, 9) Throughput benchmarks and comparisons, 10) Future of scaling (EIP-4844, danksharding). Provide architecture diagrams and performance metrics.